Quick Answer Some people may be more prone to getting sick than others due to a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and individual responses to inflammation. Certain occupations and levels of immune resilience can also contribute to increased susceptibility. While it may not be possible to completely prevent infections, practicing good hygiene, maintaining a…

Quick Answer Germs, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths, can invade the human body through various routes such as the mouth, eyes, nose, wounds, or bites. Infection occurs when these microbes enter and multiply, but it does not necessarily lead to disease. Disease occurs when the infection damages cells, resulting in symptoms. The immune…

Quick Answer The immune system is a complex network of organs, cells, and proteins that protects the body from harmful substances, germs, and cell changes that could cause illness. It fights disease-causing germs, removes them from the body, and recognizes and neutralizes harmful substances. The immune system has two subsystems: the innate immune system, which…

Quick Answer Bacteria and viruses are different in several ways. Bacteria are single cells that can survive on their own, while viruses are smaller and need a host to multiply. Antibiotics are effective against bacterial infections, but not viral infections. It is important for doctors to accurately diagnose the cause of an infection in order…

Quick Answer The intestines contain a complex ecosystem of over 400 bacterial species, with anaerobes outnumbering facultative anaerobes. These bacteria play a crucial role in the enterohepatic circulation, fiber digestion, and vitamin synthesis. They also protect against pathogens, but disruption of the normal flora by antibiotics can increase the risk of infection. Different types of…

Quick Answer Germs can be found in various places, both inside and outside the home. Common germ hotspots include the bathroom and kitchen, handheld electronics, public spaces like elevators and shopping carts, and surprising places like kitchen tools, exercise equipment, and car interiors. Practicing good hygiene habits, regularly cleaning and disinfecting commonly touched surfaces, and…

Quick Answer Allergies occur when the immune system reacts to harmless substances, such as pollen, pet dander, or certain foods, causing symptoms like sneezing, itching, and difficulty breathing. They can be triggered by airborne allergens, foods, insect stings, medications, or contact with the skin. Managing allergies involves avoiding triggers, using medications, and seeking medical attention…

Quick Answer Antibiotics are medications used to treat bacterial infections by killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth. They are not effective against viral infections. It is important to use antibiotics responsibly and only when necessary to avoid side effects and contribute to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. Introduction Antibiotics are powerful medications that…

Quick Answer Penicillin was developed through a series of discoveries and experiments over a span of 20 years. Dr. Alexander Fleming’s accidental discovery in 1928 led to the identification of a mold that produced a substance called penicillin, which inhibited bacterial growth. Despite initial challenges and lack of interest, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain assembled…

Quick Answer Vaccines have a long history, with the first attempts to prevent illness dating back to at least the 15th century. Edward Jenner’s successful inoculation against smallpox in the late 1700s marked the beginning of modern vaccines. Since then, significant advancements have been made, including the development of vaccines for diseases like polio, measles,…